Monkeypox Virus

Stay informed about the signs, risks, symptoms and preventions!

Understanding Mpox: What You Need to Know

Mpox, also known as monkeypox, is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, part of the Orthopoxvirus genus. While it shares similarities with smallpox, mpox is generally less severe. Recognising and understanding this disease is crucial for effective prevention and management.

Current Situation in South Africa

As of June 26, South Africa has recorded 13 laboratory-confirmed cases of mpox, with two resulting in death. The cases are distributed across three provinces: Gauteng (7 cases), KwaZulu-Natal (5 cases), and the Western Cape (1 case). Although most people recover from mpox, some can develop severe complications, particularly those with immunosuppressive conditions.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of mpox typically appear 7-10 days after exposure, but this period can range from 3 to 21 days. Initial symptoms include:

• Fever
• Painful or itchy rash that starts as flat sores and evolves into fluid-filled blisters
• Swollen glands
• Body pains
• Headaches
• Sore throat

Within 1-3 days of the initial symptoms, a distinctive rash develops. These lesions progress through several stages before scabbing over and resolving. They commonly appear on the face and extremities, including the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. The nature of the rash is a key diagnostic indicator for healthcare providers.

Transmission and Contagion

Mpox can spread to humans through several routes:

• Direct contact with the blood, body fluids, or lesions of infected animals.
• Human-to-human transmission via close contact with respiratory secretions, skin lesions, or contaminated objects.
• Transmission from mother to unborn child through the placenta.
• Contact with contaminated materials such as sheets, clothes, and needles.

An infected person is contagious from the onset of the rash until all scabs have fallen off. It is important to note that while mpox is not classified as a sexually transmitted disease, it can spread through intimate contact, including during sex, when an active rash is present.

Prevention and Action

Early detection and isolation are crucial to prevent the spread of mpox. If you develop symptoms after potential exposure, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Prompt medical attention and isolation can help contain the disease and protect others from infection.

If you experience symptoms:

• Seek medical help immediately.
• Inform everyone you have been in close contact with recently.
• Isolate at home until all the scabs from the skin lesions fall off and a new layer of skin forms.
• Cover the lesions and wear a well-fitting mask if you must encounter other people.
• Avoid physical contact.

Treatment

The South African Health Department has received the first batch of mpox-specific treatment, Tecovirimat (also known as TPOXX or ST-246), for patients who experience severe health complications due to the virus. Those with mild forms of the virus continue to be managed with supportive treatment. Hand hygiene measures are also effective in preventing the spread of the disease.